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This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). College Student Journal, 42(3), 795-806. responded. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 1934. (2018). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. B., & Everette James, A. If so, please share them using this form. Measuring PERMA+ in South Australia, the State of Wellbeing: A comparison with national and international norms. Chronicle of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Fig 1. University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Find new ways to celebrate. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. Now is my chance to help others. Students use of self-blame (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19, MeSH Factorial structure of Brief COPE for international students attending U.S. colleges. Penguin. Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113994. Michaels, P. J., Corrigan, P. W., Kanodia, N., Buchholz, B., & Abelson, S. (2015). Karen. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. Many things can impact this including our physical health. To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). B. Thus, efficient interventions that are not likely to trigger stigma responses are helpful in this context. Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Foremost among these is that data were collected using self-report measures, and in the case of the PERMA-Profiler, data were collected using the retrospective recall of participants as they considered their well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19. Top Tips To Decrease Coronavirus Anxiety & Improve Emotional Well Being, Strategies for Healthy Emotion Regulation During Uncertain Times, Owning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort, Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing, Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Another, Gaming For Mental Health: Using Video And Board Games To Support Wellbeing, Building Resiliency To Isolation & Loneliness: How To Increase Our Resiliency During The COVID-19 Crisis, Peer, Friend And Self Support In The COVID-19 Crisis: How To Provide Support For Ourselves And Others Through Times Of Fear And Isolation, Navigating Relationships During The COVID-19 Pandemic, Back to Normal or Not: How to Help Your Family Through COVID-19 Transitions, Herramientas Para La Mejorar La Resiliencia Y Apoyar A La Comunidad Latinx: Seminario Virtual En Espaol Dirigido Por La Iniciativa Que Hacer Ahora. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593, Tansey, T. N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., Iwanaga, K., Wu, J.-R., Cardoso, E. D. S., & Strauser, D. (2018). 2015;173: 9096. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Current Psychology. Washington Post. Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Specifically, adaptive coping strategies played a significant role in enhancing the positive effects of PsyCap on well-being. (2019). and transmitted securely. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Below are strategies and resources that may help you cope with stress. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Routledge Academic. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The experiences and emotional responses of finalyear nursing students who volunteered to carry out healthcare relief tasks during the peak of the COVID19 pandemic were explored, and the coping strategies they adopted to deal with this situation were identified. Visualizations can help you calm down, detach from whats stressing you, and reduce your bodys stress response. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. Background: During COVID-19 Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. J Ment Health. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In future, researchers may wish to investigate whether PsyCap predicts longitudinal changes in well-being in the COVID-19 context. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Journal of Affective Disorders. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207222. Coping Strategies Moderate level of perceived stress is indicated among the BSc Nursing students studying in nursing colleges located in Pune, with mean perceived stress score of the students Nurses being 21.88, and the mean coping strategies score was 74.38. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. F. Luthans et al. (2017). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles. You might have lost funding or your job. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. A structural equation model of achievement emotions, coping strategies and engagement-burnout in undergraduate students: A possible underlying mechanism in facets of perfectionism. Medicine, Psychology. Its enough to let them know theyre not alone. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. Would you like email updates of new search results? (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Meyer, M. L., Wagner, D. D., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Campbell, A. T. (2020). Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak, College During COVID: Balancing Academics & Fun, One Love Foundation x Mental Health America, How The Human-Animal Bond Increases Resilience And Empowers Us To Thrive, Managing Video Anxiety During Teletherapy, COVID-19 And Loneliness: When It Seems Like No One Cares, Maintaining Hope In The Face Of Uncertainty, Preparing For The Holidays During COVID-19, Be Kind to Your Mind: Stress Coping Strategies During COVID-19 (Webinar Recording), Facebook Live: Support Animals and COVID-19 Anxiety, Processing Big Changes: Grief And Loss During COVID-19. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. Students use of self-blame (mean), Fig 9. McGonigal, J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). Given the ongoing repercussions of the pandemic, we recommend continued and longitudinal studies on well-being, coping strategies, and PsyCap. WebDr. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles Limit your media consumption. Peter C. Mather, PhD, is a professor and department chair at Ohio University. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. You may have returned home, where youre missing friends and finding studying difficult. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). Try mindfulness apps. Coping with COVID-19-related stress as Coping in the era of coronavirus: A webinar for students, APA electronic resources available for distance learning, Free Access to the Publication Manual and Other Resources During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Structural equation modeling in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS, v23) software was used to test the mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between PsyCap and change in PERMA scores. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. You dont have to fix their problems. Students use of religious coping, Fig 7. Simon & Schuster. to the adversity. WebMaintain adequate nutrition by eating three healthy meals per day; now is a great time to try new recipes! Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. Prior to COVID-19, self-efficacy and optimism were the two major psychological resources that predicted university student well-being. Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Age was positively correlated with change in PERMA elements, but not gender. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. WebCoping with the Crisis As with any difficult situation, each person relies on different coping mechanisms. Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. (Eds.). https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Find activities that engage different parts of yourself. It is very good for your Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 1(2), 5372. The survey link was also distributed via a national counselor education listserv, and it was shared on the authors social media platforms. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Cluster analysis for strategies of. Book ReviewCollege Counseling and Student Development: Theory, Practice, and Campus Collaboration, Reflections on Power From Feminist Women Counselor Educators, Evaluating the Impact of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Hope and Clinical Symptoms With Latine Clients, Guidelines and Recommendations for Writing a Rigorous Quantitative Methods Section in Counseling and Related Fields. Twenge, J. M. (2017). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6), e20185. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. government site. The following research questions guided our work: Participants PERMA-Profiler https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. Each item is rated on an 11-point scale ranging from never (0) to always (10), or not at all (0) to completely (10). Nursing education has moved classes online. By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Consider recreating important events once its safe. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. Fig 2. Conclusions: Coping strategies are significant predictors for mental health https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. Stumbling on happiness. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Indeed, optimism and hope each uniquely predict a major proportion of variance of the change in well-being and may together help students to face an uncertain future (M. W. Gallagher & Lopez, 2009). Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. Careers. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. Northwestern University. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking Guilford. Oxford University Press. Cleveland, B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. The results allow for concluding that the students' maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Computer Human Behavior, 69, 19. Psychological capital and beyond. Research Question 3 The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. WebCoping During Covid-19. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Epub 2021 May 12. 2023. Current Psychology, 36(4), 875887. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. of this manuscript. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. American Psychological Association. Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352, Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. Basic self-care will keep your immune system strong and your emotional reserves full. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Mediation models were carried out with bootstrapping procedure with a 95% confidence interval. Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. Gallagher RP. Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. Make sure to validate their emotions, letting them know their feelings and frustrations are understandable. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. For university students, the pandemic brought about disruptions to life as they knew it. Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Legal Notice | Privacy Policy, 11235 Bellflower Road Bookshelf International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). Universities across WebCOVID-19 Coping Strategies. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected.

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