lunate fracture orthobulletsdavid and kate bagby 2020

- tenderness of dorsal lunate may suggest Keinbock's dz, while moreulnar tenderness suggests tears of TFC or lunotriquetral ligament; . proximally and the capitate distally. Terry Thomas sign: This is seen on an AP wrist film and is indicated by a gap >3mm between the scaphoid and lunate bones Cortical Ring sign: occurs when the scaphoid is in a flexed position, making the scaphoid tubercle more prominent.A measure distance less than 7mm between the end of the cortical ring and the proximal end of the scaphoid suggests scapholunate dissociation and instability. Follow-up/referral. 1. Pearls/pitfalls. What is the most appropriate next step in management? Kienbocks disease is also known as avascular necrosis (AVN) of the lunate. Lunate dislocations typically occur due to a fall on an outstretched hand (or during a motor vehicle injury) where there is forceful dorsiflexion of the wrist 3. Capitate fractures are typically seen with associated scaphoid fractures, distal radial fractures, or lunate injuries; they are rarely seen in isolation. Preoperatively, he reported some mild sensory disturbances in the volar thumb and index finger, but had 2-point discrimination of 6mm in each finger. 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. A 40-year-old right-handed professional football player reports persistent right wrist pain after falling during a game 5 days ago. Diagnosis is generally made with radiographs of the wrist but may require CT for confirmation. (OBQ12.105) Radiographs of the affected wrist are shown in Figure A. After completing instrumentation, radiocarpal screw penetration is best assessed on which fluoroscopic view? Diagnosis can be confirmed with orthogonal radiographs of the involve digit. According to meta-analysis and systematic reviews, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding her injury? What is the appropriate surgical treatment at this time? J Hand Surg Am. - w/ flexion capitate slides out from under lunate tocreate fullness where the capitate depression has been; - Radiographs: Stage III involves disruption of the the lunotriquetral ligament or triquetral fractures. He was treated as a sprain and no further follow-up was planned. toe phalanx fracture orthobullets - knowing position of ECU & ulnar styloid helds to differentiate ECU tendinitisfrom distal radioulnar problems. (SBQ17SE.12) Depressed fracture of the lunate fossa (articular surface) Smith's. Adhesions within the first and third dorsal wrist compartments. Epidemiology. A 76-year-old male sustains a minimally displaced distal radius fracture and undergoes closed treatment with a cast. (SBQ17SE.64) Volar pole fractures are more commonly observed as the lunate is compressed by the capitate. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Dixon A, Hacking C, El-Feky M, et al. 73% (1391/1911) 3. push up position), may be associated with wrist instability or weakness, may see swelling over the dorsal aspect of the wrist, tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox or over the, pain increased with extreme wrist extension and radial deviation, when deviating from ulnar to radial, pressure over volar aspect of scaphoid subluxates the scaphoid dorsally out of the scaphoid fossa of the distal radius, and a clunk is palpated when pressure is released as the scaphoid reduces back over the dorsal rim of the radius, a painful clunk during this maneuver may indicate insufficiency of scapholunate ligament, clenched fist (can exaggerate the diastasis), dorsal tilt of lunate leads to SL angle > 70, may be used as screening tool for arthroscopy, always assess the contralateral wrist for comparison, may demonstrate the presence of a tear but cannot determine the size of the tear, positive finding of a tear may indicate the need for wrist arthroscopy, often overused as a screening modality for SLIL tears, requires careful inspection of the SLIL by a dedicated radiologist to confirm diagnosis, Carpal instability nondissociative (CIND), splinting and close follow-up with repeat imaging and clinical response with acute injuries, most people feel casting alone is insufficient, acute scapholunate ligament injury without carpal malalignment, ligament pathoanatomy is ammenable to repair, if pathoanatomy of SL ligament injury is a scaphoid fx than repair with, small incision is made just distal to the radial styloid, care to avoid cutting the radial sensory nerve branches, often added to a ligament repair and remains a viable alternative for a chronic instability when ligament repair is not feasible, place two k-wires in parallel into the scaphoid bone, reduce the SL joint by levering the scaphoid into extension, supination and ulnar deviation and lunate into flexion and radial deviation, confirm reduction of the SL joint under fluoroscopy, FCR tendon transfer (direct SL joint reduction), ECRB tendonosis (indirect SL joint reduction), weave not recommended due to high incidence of late failure. Which of the following has evidence to support its utility in this clinical situation? What is the most likely etiology of her new loss of function? Recent radiographs are seen in Figure B. Surgical treatment that will best address his symptoms and preserve wrist motion consists of, Anterior and posterior interosseous neurectomy. -. (OBQ06.102) In very early stages, the treatment can be as simple as observation, activity changes, and/or immobilization. Diagnosis of DISI deformity can be made with lateral wrist radiographs showing a scapholunate angle. The instrument touches a structure that prevents ulnar translocation of the carpus after a PRC. Which of the following tendons is most commonly transferred to address the patient's deficiency? At the time the article was last revised Craig Hacking had no recorded disclosures. Schmitt R, Lanz U, Buchberger W. Diagnostic Imaging of the Hand. A 56-year-old woman sustains the closed injury depicted in Figures A-B. not be relevant to the changes that were made. Thank you. How do you counsel him about his post-operative period? (SBQ17SE.67) Figures A and B depict the closed injury radiograph of a 79-year-old right-hand-dominant woman who fell on her left wrist. Copyright 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. Telephone: 410.494.4994, Limited open reduction of the lunate facet in comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius, Difficult wrist fractures. (OBQ12.168) Toe fractures of this type are rare unless there is an open injury or a high-force crushing or shearing injury. toe phalanx fracture orthobulletsdaniel casey ellie casey. 2.0 screw for a Scaphoid Hand Fracture How to palpate the . 14% (259/1911) 2. A 32-year-old inebriated male falls from a mechanical bull at a bar and sustains a closed displaced intra-articular distal radius fracture. Lunate dislocationsare an uncommon traumatic wrist injury that require prompt management and surgical repair. Ulnar side of hand. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Data Trace is the publisher of MR arthrogram of the wrist to assess ligamentous injuries, Type in at least one full word to see suggestions list, Transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocation management, AO Trauma Hand: Must Know Series HOW I DO IT Perilunate FX-Dislocations, Open reduction of volar lunate dislocation (through dorsal Cape Town approach), Hand Lunate Dislocation (Perilunate dissociation), University of Illinois Orthopaedic Surgery, Lunate Dislocation and Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in 23M. Kienbock's disease is also known as avascular necrosis (AVN) of the lunate. (OBQ10.127) 110 West Rd., Suite 227 immobilization in a short arm thumb spica cast. Limited open reduction of the lunate facet in comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. lunate fracture orthobullets The lunate is one of the eight small bones in the wrist. When performed on 18 children with distal radius-ulna fractures, P . She underwent open reduction and fixation of the distal radius fracture, and current radiographs are shown in Figure B. Phalanx fractures of the hand are some of the most common fractures occurring in humans. Patients often prefer to hold their fingers in partial flexion due to pain on extension. Chronic DISI deformities may be indicated for fusion procedures depending on degree of arthritis and patient symptoms. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10010, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":10010,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lunate-dislocation/questions/1703?lang=us"}, Figure 1: Stage 4 of progressive perilunate, see full revision history and disclosures, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, Mayfield classification of carpal instability, dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI), volar intercalated segment instability (VISI), scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) injuries, ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, Philips Australia, Paid speaker at Philips Spectral CT events (ongoing). comic book publishers accepting submissions 2022 Likes ; brady list police massachusetts Followers ; nurse injector training Followers ; transfer apple health data to samsung Subscriptores ; night shift vs overnight shift Followers ; big joe's funeral questions and answers Rathachai Kaewlai, Laura L. Avery, Ashwin V. Asrani, Hani H. Abujudeh, Richard Sacknoff, Robert A. Novelline. (SAE07SM.38) educational laws affecting teachers. Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is most frequently associated with which of the following scenarios? When he finally does, he is diagnosed with a perilunate dislocation and indicated for a Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC). The lunate is one of the eight small bones in the wrist. (OBQ06.136) In the early stages of this disease, the x-rays may be normal and other tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis. His physical exam shows dorsal wrist tenderness and is positive for the provocative test shown in Figure V. Standard PA radiograph of the wrist is normal. (OBQ13.140) sudden impact force applied to the hand and wrist causing SLIL injury and scapholunate dissociation, injury occurs most commonly with wrist positioned in extension, ulnar deviation and carpal supination, SLIL tearing will position the scaphoid in flexion and lunate extension. Diagnosis can be confirmed with orthogonal radiographs of the involve digit. A 24-year-old stagehand fell 12 feet off of a ladder while preparing a set. There is injury of all of the perilunate ligaments, most significantly the dorsal radiolunate ligament. Other common causes include: car . What is the most appropriate treatment at this time? Classification. Lunate. A 64-year-old female sustains a nondisplaced distal radius fracture and undergoes closed treatment using a cast. They often are not diagnosed initially and present delayed as lunate osteonecrosis, which is also known as Kienbock disease. Surgery may be done to change forces across the lunate and wrist joint or to improve vascularity of the lunate. Die-punch. The proximal 2 Cs indicates the articulation between the lunate and . Twelve months after open reduction and internal fixation of a comminuted distal radius fracture as seen in Figure A and B, which of the following tendons is at greatest risk of rupture? lunate fracture orthobullets (2017) Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). These should not be confused with perilunate dislocations in which the radiolunate articulation is . Treatment requires urgent closed versus open reduction and stabilization. Stage IV denotes a true lunate dislocation, involving a . Changes for Fat Loss by with a free trial. Which of the following will best achieve anatomic reduction, restore function, and prevent future degenerative changes of the wrist? Perilunate instability represents about 7 percent of all injuries to the carpus [ 5 ]. Check for errors and try again. Lunate dislocation. What complication is most likely to occur in this patient? A 51-year-old female presents with an acute inability to extend her thumb, four months after she was treated with cast immobilization for a minimally-displaced distal radius fracture. Most patients with Kienbocks disease have the following symptoms: The diagnosis of Kienbocks disease can often be made by reviewing your history, performing a physical examination, and taking x-rays. immobilization in a long arm thumb spica cast. This is an AAOS Self Assessment Exam (SAE) question. Make an enquiry and our team will be get in touch with you ASAP. A 58-year-old man underwent distal radius ORIF with a volar locking plate yesterday. Volar wrist swelling is usually prominent. Dependent on the fracture-line and the intraosseous vascularity, partial or total avascular . The lunate bone articulates with the scaphoid, the distal radius, and the TFCC. Lunate fractures are often secondary to axial loading of the head capitate bone,this is seen in forceful hyperextension with ulnar deviation 2. Which of the following injuries is the most likely cause of this finding? Colles'. Find a hand surgeon near you. Inability to flex the index finger proximal interphalangeal joint. The patient recovered well initially but presents after 6 months with grip weakness. (OBQ11.273) Like the scaphoid bone, the lunate also has a tenuous retrograde blood supply off of an interosseus arterial branch, and it has the same inherent risk of poor healing and AVN . Late treatment of a dorsal transscaphoid, transtriquetral perilunate wrist dislocation with avascular changes of the lunate. (OBQ09.227) On physical exam she has no sensation of the volar thumb, index, and middle fingers. Radiographs taken in the emergency room are seen in Figure A. The lunate is a central bone in the wrist that is important for proper movement and support of the joint (Figure 1). Wrist Dislocation by Kadeer M Halimi from emedicine.com. Epidemiology. Type in at least one full word to see suggestions list, Hand Scaphoid Lunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC). This content is written, edited and updated by hand surgeon members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Carpal dislocations: pathomechanics and progressive perilunar instability. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-80825, see full revision history and disclosures, Mayfield classification of carpal instability, dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI), volar intercalated segment instability (VISI), scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) injuries, ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease. Phalanx Fractures are common hand injuries that involve the proximal, middle or distal phalanx. main cause for these lesions is a direct impact against a hard surface with a, 4th or 5th metacarpal base fractures or dislocations, usually required to delineate fracture pattern and determine operative plan, diagnosis confirmed by history, physical exam, and, may be used for extra-articular non-displaced fracture, most fractures are intra-articular and require open reduction, interfragmentary screws +/- k-wires for temporary stabilization, fixation may be obtained with K wires or screws, Lunate Dislocation (Perilunate dissociation), Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Syndrome), Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC), Carpal Instability Nondissociative (CIND), Constrictive Ring Syndrome (Streeter's Dysplasia), Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease). A 68-year-old male falls onto his outstretched hand and suffers the injury shown in Figures A and B. (SBQ17SE.70) Difficult wrist fractures. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Murphy A, Lunate fracture. Radiographs are provided in Figures A-C. Scapholunate Ligament Injury is a source of dorsoradial wrist pain with chronic injuries leading to a form of wrist instability (DISI deformity). Copyright 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. He initially thought it was a sprain, but presents due to continued pain worsened by push-ups. (SLAC) - Hand - Orthobullets Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Article - StatPearls Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) of the wrist is a very common case of degenerative arthritis . Following fixation, a "shuck" test is performed and shows persistent instability of the distal radioulnar joint. - it is palpable just distal to radial tubercle; Diagnosis of DISI deformity can be made with lateral wrist radiographs showing a scapholunate angle > 70 degrees. Treatment of acute SL ligament injuries may be immobilization versus operative repair/reconstruction depending on degree of displacement. Medical Information Search Hamate Body Fractures are rare carpal fractures that can be associated with 4th or 5th metacarpal fractures. Diagnosis is made clinically with progressive wrist pain and wrist instability with radiographs showing advanced arthritis of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints (radiolunate joint . (OBQ18.216) (2008) ISBN:1588904539. fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. What joint is first affected if left untreated with subsequent development of a SLAC (scapholunate advanced collapse) wrist? What is the most appropriate treatment at this time? Radiographs are shown in Figures A and B. In the Traumatological Hospital Meidling/Vienna, 12 patients with acute fractures of the lunate bone were treated between 1983 and 1993. A 52-year-old farmers periodic wrist pain has been managed with non-operative modalities to include two injections in the last 8 months. (OBQ12.38) Diagnosis is made clinically and radiographically with orthogonal radiographs of the wrist, Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on fracture stability and fracture displacement as well as patient age and activity demands, accounts for 17.5% of all fractures in adults, younger patients due to high energy mechanisms, older patients due to low energy mechanisms (i.e. A recent imaging study is seen in Figure A. CT and bone scans may also be used.This is a slow-progressing disease, and patients often have the condition for months or even years before they seek treatment. At the time the article was created Andrew Dixon had no recorded disclosures. The lunate is rotated forming a triangular shape commonly known as the "piece-of-pie" sign. The patient undergoes closed reduction and splinting; however, her paresthesias worsen significantly in the next 12 hours. (SBQ17SE.47) The rest of the carpal bones are in a normal anatomic position in relation to the radius. Most likely, the most reliable test to assess the blood supply of the lunate is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). A 54-year-old male falls from a ladder and sustains the fracture shown in Figure A. Lunate fractures account for around 4% of all carpal fractures 1. You review his operative note in which the surgeon reports having to apply a volar locking plate in a distal position to secure the difficult intra-articular fracture. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. Which of the following factors has been associated with redisplacement of the fracture after closed manipulation? Unable to process the form. AP and lateral radiographs of the wrist are shown in figures A and B respectively. Dr. Wheeless enjoys and performs all types of orthopaedic surgery but is renowned for his expertise in total joint arthroplasty (Hip and Knee replacement) as well as complex joint infections. Hip fractures are strongly associated with BMD in the proximal femur, but there are also many clinical predictors of hip fracture risk that are independent of bone density. Read 14. Scapho-lunate advanced collapse arthritis or SLAC occurs as the result of unrecognised injury to the . Hook of hamate fractures are rare, often missed, injuries generally as a result of a direct blow to the hamate bone most commonly seen in athletes. Which of the regions on the patient's injury AP radiograph in Figure A, if not addressed properly during surgery, represents a risk for radiocarpal instability? A 63-year-old female sustained a distal radius and associated ulnar styloid fracture 3 months ago after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2005. The latter mechanism frequently occurs . The swelling often causes a decrease in 2-point discrimination in the median nerve distribution due to acute carpal tunnel syndrome. . Scaphoid Lunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) d. escribes the specific pattern of degenerative arthritis seen in chronic dissociation between the scaphoid and lunate. - colinear alignment of: radius, lunate, capitate, & 3rd metacarpal; (OBQ17.87) Scaphoid Lunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) - Hand - Orthobullets SLAC (scaphoid lunate advanced collapse) and SNAC (scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse) are the most common patterns seen. Scapholunate Ligament Injury is a source of dorsoradial wrist pain with chronic injuries leading to a form of wrist instability (DISI deformity). Distal Radius Intraarticular Fracture ORIF with Dorsal Approach, Distal Radius Extra-articular Fracture ORIF with Volar Appr, Distal Radius Fracture Non-Spanning External Fixator, Distal Radius Fracture Spanning External Fixator, Type in at least one full word to see suggestions list, 7th Annual Frontiers in Upper Extremity Surgery, Nonoperative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures - Michael Bednar, MD, Dorsal Plating of Radius Fractures - Nader Paksima, DO, MPH, Fragment Specific Fixation Distal Radius Fractures - Mark Rekant, MD, 12th Annual Orthopaedic Trauma: Pushing The Envelope. Multidetector CT of Carpal Injuries: Anatomy, Fractures, and Fracture-Dislocations1. scaphoid is flexed and lunate is extended as scapholunate ligament no longer restrains this articulation, lunate extended > 10 degrees past neutral, resultant scaphoid flexion and lunate extension creates, abnormal distribution of forces across midcarpal and radiocarpal joints, malalignment of concentric joint surfaces, describes predictable progression of degenerative changes from the radial styloid to the entire scaphoid facet and finally to the unstable capitolunate joint, as the capitate subluxates dorsally on the lunate, key finding is that the radiolunate joint is spared, unlike other forms of wrist arthritis, since there remains a concentric articulation between the lunate and the spheroid lunate fossa of the distal radius, Arthritis between scaphoid and radial styloid, Arthritis between scaphoid and entire scaphoid facet of the radius, While original Watson classification describes preservation of radiolunate joint in all stages of SLAC wrist, subsequent description by other surgeons of "stage IV" pancarpal arthritis observed in rare cases where radiolunate joint is affected, validity of "stage IV" changes in SLAC wrist remains controversial and presence pancarpal arthritis should alert the clinician of a different etiology of wrist arthritis, patients localize pain in region of scapholunate interval, tenderness directly over scapholunate ligament dorsally, will not be positive in more advanced cases as arthritic changes stabilize the scaphoid, with firm pressure over the palmar tuberosity of the scaphoid, wrist is moved from ulnar to radial deviation, positive test seen in patients with scapholunate ligament injury or patients with ligamentous laxity, where the scaphoid is no longer constrained proximally and subluxates out of the scaphoid fossa resulting in pain, when pressure removed from the scaphoid, the scaphoid relocates back into the scaphoid fossa, and typical snapping or clicking occurs, obtain standard PA and lateral radiographs, PA radiograph will reveal greater than 3mm diastasis between the scaphoid and lunate, PA radiograph shows sclerosis and joint space narrowing between scaphoid and the entire scaphoid fossa of distal radius, PA radiograph shows sclerosis and joint space narrowing between the lunate and capitate, and the capitate will eventually migrate proximally into the space created by the scapholunate dissociation, thinning of articular surfaces of the proximal scaphoid, scaphoid facet of distal radius and capitatolunate joint with synovitis in radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, NSAIDs, wrist splinting, and possible corticosteroid injections, prevents impingement between proximal scaphoid and radial styloid, may be performed open or arthroscopically via 1,2 portal for instrumentation, since posterior and anterior interosseous nerve only provide proprioception and sensation to wrist capsule at their most distal branches, they can be safely dennervated to provide pain relief, can be used in combination with below procedures for Stage II or III, contraindicated with caputolunate arthritis (Stage III SLAC) because capitate articulates with lunate fossa of the distal radius, contraindicated if there is an incompetent radioscaphocapitate ligament, excising entire proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum) while preserving, provides relative preservation of strength and motion, also provides relative preservation of strength and motion, wrist motion occurs through the preserved articulation between lunate and distal radius (lunate fossa), similar long term clinical results between scaphoid excision/ four corner fusion and proximal row carpectomy, wrist fusion gives best pain relief and good grip strength at the cost of wrist motion, - Scaphoid Lunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC), Lunate Dislocation (Perilunate dissociation), Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Syndrome), Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC), Carpal Instability Nondissociative (CIND), Constrictive Ring Syndrome (Streeter's Dysplasia), Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease).

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