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The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . The Efik Language and Its Future. [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. After World War II, a movement called the _____ Movement was founded by such writers as Leopold Sedar Senghor and Leon Damas, to support using Western literary forms, while writing in African languages. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death). The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. Corrections? [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . The group is a mutual aid society known for elaborate street dances and very high. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. Mr. . [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. (1985). The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. . Simple theme. 2017). Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. [70] Several meals were composed of yam such as Usu abia, Iwk abia, Afia abia, sb abia, Edifrai abia and fp abia. [53] Some of the kings have been identified in the past by Etubom Ukorebi Ukorebi Asuquo in Aye's Efik people. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. ________. . Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. Although Duke town is believed to have been occupied since the 15th century by the Enwang, it was not until the 17th century that the Efiom Ekpo families moved in large waves to the site. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. [5] I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. Photo by Eli Bentor. Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). A list of some of Africa's most prominent cults and secret societies of all time. My party of 4 spent $400 at Space 220 in Disney World. These lettere were heeded to and in April 1846, the first missionaries arrived Old Calabar. [42] K.K. In the culture we have discussed, the term fadenya refers to: the relationship between father and child, and half siblings - requiring self-assertion, independence, innovation, and competition. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. What role does religion play in society today? Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references Ekpe means leopard, not lion. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). In the culture we have discussed, the term dalilu refers to: an individual's personal power, knowledge, or ability, inborn but enhanced and developed through training and experience. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". Unblock notifications in browser settings. The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. The Ekpe Society. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. [36] (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? I hope some Man-of-War come sometime with proper captain all same you look out and help we keep word when French Man-of-War come. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. [47] On the founding of Obutong, Colonial anthropologist M.D.W. The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. [66] [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. An account from the Qua said the origin of the Ekpe people can be traced to Cameron. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. the exhibition explores the long- Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. AHR ~ 125 But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century.

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